A technician doing a wheel alignment service will use an alignment machine to measure the camber, caster, and toe of the vehicle’s existing alignment. The equipment monitors the position of each wheel and compares it to the suspension standards of the car manufacturer, providing information on how the vehicle should be changed to achieve proper alignment.

For Camber: The camber is positive if the top of the wheel slants out from the centre of the automobile. The camber is negative if it is slanting inward. Out-of-adjusted camber causes wear on one side of the tyre.

For Caster: Caster is positive if the top of the steering axis is pointing toward the rear of the vehicle. It’s negative if it’s tilting towards the front. Straight line tracking can be caused by caster. The vehicle will draw to the side of the less positive caster if the caster is different from side to side. If the caster is too negative, the steering wheel will have “play,” and the car may wander, making driving in a straight line impossible. If the caster is set too high, steering becomes more difficult.

For Toe: Toe- Toe-in refers to how near the front tyres are to each other compared to the rear tyres. Toe-out is the polar opposite of toe-in. An inaccurate toe-in causes equal wear on both tyres. There is too much toe-in if the sharp edges of the tread are pointing to the centre of the vehicle, often known as a saw-tooth pattern. There is too much toe-out if the treads point to the outside of the vehicle. Most cars have adjustable suspension on the front wheels (front-wheel drive) while other vehicles have adjustable suspension on the rear wheels (rear-wheel drive) (rear wheel and all-wheel drive).